Power Station Management

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EXECUTIVE MBA

(POWER)

SEMESTER IV

YEAR: 2013                                                                                                          SESSION: JULY

ASSIGNMENT – 2

FOR

Power Station Management

(MDSP 831D)

(TO BE FILLED BY THE STUDENT)

NAME:                                  _______________________

SAP NO/REGN NO:          _______________________

Section A (20 Marks)

Write short notes on any four of the following:

1.            Renovation and modernization of power station

Answer :  Power Group is vastly experienced in Renovation and modernization of both thermal and hydel power plants. We are registered with Power Finance Corporation for R&M of both thermal and hydel power plants.

RANGE OF SERVICES

·         RLA & LE Study and Report preparation

·         R&M/RM&U Study and Report preparation

·         Tender Document/ RFQ and RFP document for LROT

·         Bid Evaluation

·         Contract Document

·         Drawing Approval

·         Designers Supervision

·         Inspection & Expediting

·         Assistance during commissioning

EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS COVERED

Thermal Power Plant

2.            Statutory Shut Downs

Answer : If something is statutory, it is related to or set by laws or statutes. Statutory restrictions on air pollution require drivers to have the emissions from their cars check every few years.

You might wonder what the difference is between statutory and legal. Both are adjectives and both are concerned with the law. If something is legal, it is allowed by the law, whereas if it is statutory, it is regulated by law. In the negative, this is easier to

3.            Role of budgetary report in power station

Answer :

4.            Turbine and its Auxiliaries

Answer : Erection, testing and commissioning of steam turbine and auxiliaries for Thermal, Captive & Combined Cycle power plants up to 500 MW and Nuclear power plants up to 250 MW capacity.

Electrical Candi Packages

Erection, testing and commissioning of Electrical and C&I work for power plants & refineries etc. including Calibration.

5.            Substation automation

Answer : There is an increased focus on transmission and distribution investments to address aging and distressed infrastructure. Previously voluntary reliability programs under the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) are transitioning to mandatory reliability standards, requiring self reporting and imposing penalties for non- compliance. Utilities are placing a greater emphasis on real time, enterprise wide information to secure the right information and the right time to enhance reliability and to better manage asset management and operations and management.

Intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) being

Section B (30 marks)

(Attempt any three)

1.            What do RLA Methods based on Periodic Examination involve?

Answer :

2.            State the preliminary requirements for the preparation of Preventive Maintenance Schedules.

Answer : The importance of scheduled Preventative Maintenance is well recognised by Bytecraft and is a fundamental part of all maintenance contracts, including our entertainment industry clients.

Clearly, Preventative Maintenance is directed towards two basic outcomes; good visual appearance and improved reliability. It is with this in mind that we have continued to develop PM strategies based on effectiveness rather than just a simple repetitive program.

The old school of Preventative Maintenance dictates that all equipment should be touched twice a year, once a month, 3 times a week etc. The fact is all equipment is not equal. By way of example, preventative maintenance for a motor car

3.            What are the applications of a power automation system?

Answer : Power system automation is the act of automatically controlling the power system via instrumentation and control devices. Substation automation refers to using data from Intelligent electronic devices (IED), control and automation capabilities within the substation, and control commands from remote users to control power system devices.

Since full substation automation

4.                        Which are the major Thermal power Plants in India?

Answer : Thermal power is the "largest" source of power in India.There are different types of Thermal power plants based on the fuel used to generate the steam such as coal, gas, Diesel etc. About 75% of electricity consumed in india are generated by Thermal power plants.

A thermal power plant is generally a steam driven power plant. The force that spins the turbines in the plant is steam that is either used to drive an electric generator or any other work that requires power.

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Power Trading

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EXECUTIVE MBA

(POWER)

SEMESTER IV

YEAR: 2013                                                                                                          SESSION: JULY

ASSIGNMENT – 2

FOR

Power Trading

(MDSP 841D)

(TO BE FILLED BY THE STUDENT)

NAME:                                                  _______________________

SAP NO/REGN NO:          _______________________

Section A (20 Marks)

Write short notes on any four of the following:

1.            Contract for Differences

Answer : A contract for difference (CFD) is essentially a contract between an investor and an investment bank or a spread-betting firm. At the end of the contract, the parties exchange the difference between the opening and closing prices of a specified financial instrument, including shares or commodities.

CFDs do not carry votes like ordinary stock but enable investors to gain economic exposure to a listed company for a fraction of the cost of buying shares. They also escape stamp duty and can be bought in size without triggering obligations to disclose the holding. A form of synthetic dividend is normally also payable.

2.            Transmission Rights

Answer : While transmission rights (TRs) are primarily designed to provide a financial hedge for traders whose intertie trading represents a financial risk, participation in the TR market is open to any company that chooses to join the IESO-administered market.

Transmission rights are sold for specific intertie paths through auctions. Prospective TR owners submit bids to purchase the TRs, which are based on historic TR prices. Archived data is available in the TR reports on the FTP site. Previous TR bids are not made public, and neither are the various TR participants.

Transmission rights owners make money when the intertie zone price is different from the Ontario marginal clearing price (MCP).

3.            Bidding strategies

Answer : Strategy is a word we associate with long-term political aims, war and general ship the art of imposing upon the enemy the place and time and conditions of fighting preferred by oneself', or more simply, the art of winning wars; unlike tactics, which is about winning battles; or logistics, the third of the military arts, which is concerned with the provision and deployment of resources.; 'The calling is strategy; the play is tactics.. Strategic decisions of this kind should be a major concern of directors; deciding what things are to be done - concentrating upon the desired ends, not means which should be the preoccupation of

4.            Fundamentals of  new legislation in the Electricity Act

Answer :

5.            Deregulation plan

Answer : Deregulation has taken place in many states and provinces throughout North America. It has allowed competitive energy suppliers, such as Just Energy, to enter the markets and offer their energy supply products to consumers. Energy prices are not regulated in these areas and consumers are not forced to receive supply from their utility. In deregulated markets, consumers can choose their supplier, similar to other common household service providers. The marketing of these services is still regulated.

Why is deregulation important?

Deregulation gives consumers choice - the power of the buyer. A deregulated market allows you to choose your commodity supplier. It also motivates retailers to differentiate their products from the utility and those of competitors by

Section B (30 marks)

(Attempt any three)

1.            Elaborate the key issues and challenges in electricity market.

Answer : Beyond the poverty of politics in India, three problems loom large: the narrow fault that caused the blackouts; the wider crisis in India’s power sector; and the shoddy state of the country’s infrastructure, from roads to power stations, which is a brake on economic development.

On the first, the technical glitch, the best explanation is that some states used more than their quota of power from the national transmission network that links up India’s five regional grids. The extra demand may have reflected a disappointing monsoon that forced farmers to pump more water for their fields. In any case, it overburdened the system, causing a cascade of failures. To cut the burden, power plants were shut down, some automatically.

2.            Discuss the regulatory framework of Indian power sector.

Answer : The development of grid interactive renewable power took off with the coming into force of the Electricity Act 2003 (EA 2003), which, among other things, provides for regulatory interventions for promotion of renewable energy (RE) sources through a) determination of tariff; b) specifying renewable purchase obligation (RPO); c) facilitating grid connectivity; and d) promotion of development of market.

The National Tariff Policy (NTP) 2006 requires the State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs) to fix a minimum percentage of Renewable Purchase

3.            What are the recent policies and challenges of Electricity Act?

Answer : The Electricity Act, 2003

The Electricity Bill, 2001 was  introduced  in Lok Sabha on 30th August, 2001  and  was  subsequently  referred  to  the  Standing  Committee  on  Energy  for examination and report. The Standing Committee submitted its report on 19th December, 2002. Based on  the  recommendations of  the Standing Committee on Energy,  the Government  of  India moved  certain  amendments. The Electricity Bill,  2001 along with these amendments, was passed by Lok Sabha on 9th April, 2003.

The  Bill  as  passed  by  Lok  Sabha  was  considered  and  passed  by  Rajya Sabha on 5th May, 2003. The  Electricity  Bill,  2003  as  passed  by  both  Houses  of  the  Parliament received  President’s  assent  on  26th May,  2003  and  was 

4.            What are the differences between previous legislation and new legislation in the electricity Act.?

Answer :

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Project Management & Its Applications

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EXECUTIVE MBA

(POWER MANAGEMENT)

SEMESTER IV

                                                                       YEAR: 2013                                                                                                  

SESSION: JULY

ASSIGNMENT – 2

FOR

Project Management & Its Applications

(MBCQ 724D)

(TO BE FILLED BY THE STUDENT)

NAME:                                  _______________________

SAP NO/REGN NO:          _______________________

Section A (20 Marks)

Write short notes on any four of the following:

1.            Project Management System

Answer : Project Management Systems

Project management systems are software tools that assist in the organization and moderation of a project throughout its life cycle. Most project management systems provide project managers with these basic enhancements:

·         Project visibility: shows the project as a whole, allowing one to accurately predict the results of project constraints (scope, time, costs, etc.)

·         Resource visibility: shows the resources available in a project, allowing one to properly distribute and prioritize work

2.            Performance Analysis

Answer : Performance Analysis is the provision of objective feedback to performers trying to get a positive change in performance. Essentially it is about telling the athlete what actually happened as opposed to what they perceived to be happening. Research shows that on average, athletes and coaches can only recall 30% of performance correctly - performance analysis helps with the remaining 70%.

The analysis can either take place

3.            Optimum Project Schedule

Answer : These are some of the basic rules that we find to help people avoid long term problems when trying to manage a schedule in any WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) based scheduling software. These basic practices are often ignored when working in applications like Microsoft Project, but they can become problematic when you attempt to manage a schedule in a highly visible online environment.

1. Don't set deadlines while scheduling. We all have deadlines, but setting them in the schedule before having all of the work defined only makes the process more difficult. Without properly defining the work breakdown structure,

4.            Project Workflow Sector

5.            Vendor evaluation

Answer : It makes no difference what business you are in, suppliers and vendors play a key role in your company's success. Having a formalized system in place to track and evaluate supplier and vendor performance is essential to the smooth operation and profitability of your company. Successful companies embrace their suppliers and vendors, viewing them as partners in helping to grow the business.

1. Establish Performance Indicators

At the onset of the vendor relationship

(Attempt any three)

1.            What are the major software’s available for project monitoring and control?

Answer : Throughout the executing process, there is also another project management process group of stages that is happening. Monitoring and controlling often happens concurrently with executing, but this particular group offers its own separate list of tasks. Often what is associated with monitoring and controlling is checking to make sure that the work output from the executing processes match what the end objectives of the project are. It also involves making adjustments as needed.

The monitoring and controlling phase can be made easier by the use project management software. Monitoring progress against the values entered into the computer program during the initiating, planning, and executing stages, one can get a clearer picture of what is happening with the project. But it is not enough to merely monitor the project; the project manager must also control the project, nudging it back on track when it

2.            Describe various types of “Bell” and “S” curves and their significance. How can these curves be used for project progress monitoring?

Answer : What Is a Bell Curve?

To be technical, the kinds of bell curves that we care about the most in statistics are actually called normal probability distributions. For what follows we’ll just assume the bell curves we’re talking about are normal probability distributions. Despite the name “bell curve,” these curves are not defined by their shape. Instead an intimidating looking formula is used as the formal definition for bell curves.

But we really don’t need to worry too much about the formula. The only two numbers that we care about in it are the mean and standard deviation. The bell curve for a given set of data has center located at the mean. This is where the highest point

3.            What factors must be considered to have an effective procurement planning?

Answer : Sustainable procurement (SP) is about taking social and environmental factors into consideration alongside financial factors in making procurement decisions. It involves looking beyond the traditional economic parameters and making decisions based on the whole life cost, the associated risks, measures of success and implications for society and the environment. Making decisions in this way requires setting procurement into the broader strategic context including value for money, performance management, corporate and community priorities.

Sustainable procurement is the process by which organizations buy assets, supplies or services by taking into account a number of factors including:

·         Value for money considerations such as, price, quality, availability, functionality.

·         The entire life cycle of products.

·         Environmental aspects; the

4.            Explain the impacts of overtime, workforce size, and work intensity on rework.

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Research Methodology

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EXECUTIVE MBA

(POWER MANAGEMENT)

SEMESTER V

YEAR: 2013                                                                                                          SESSION: JULY

ASSIGNMENT – 2

FOR

Research Methodology

(MBCQ 723D)

(TO BE FILLED BY THE STUDENT)

NAME:                                  _______________________

SAP NO/REGN NO:          _______________________

Section A (20 Marks)

Write short notes on any four of the following:

1.            Ordinary Scale

Answer : When items are classified according to whether they have more or less of a characteristic, the scale used is referred to as an ordinal scale (definition of ordinal scale). The main characteristic of the ordinal scale is that the categories have a logical or ordered relationship to each other. These types of scale permit the measurement of degrees of difference, but not the specific amount of difference. This scale is very common in marketing, satisfaction and attitudinal research. Any questions that ask the respondent to rate something are using ordinal scales. For example,

How would you rate the service of our wait-staff?

Excellent              0 Very good        0 Good 0 Fair

2.            Test of Significance

Answer : Once sample data has been gathered through an observational study or experiment, statistical inference allows analysts to assess evidence in favour or some claim about the population from which the sample has been drawn. The methods of inference used to support or reject claims based on sample data are known as tests of significance.

Every test of significance begins with a null hypothesis H0. H0 represents a theory that has been put forward, either because it is believed to be true or because it is to be used as a basis for argument, but has not been proved. For example, in a clinical trial of a new drug, the null hypothesis might be that the new drug is no better, on average,

3.            One way ANOVAs

Answer : A One-Way Analysis of Variance is a way to test the equality of three or more means at one time by using variances.

Assumptions

The populations from which the samples were obtained must be normally or approximately normally distributed.

The samples must be independent.

The variances of the populations must be equal.

Hypotheses

4.            Approaches to Report Writing

Answer : Direct Approach

When you use the direct approach, the main idea (such as a recommendation, conclusion, or request) comes in the "top" of the document, followed by the evidence. This is a deductive argument. This approach is used when your audience will be neutral or positive about your message. In the formal report, the direct approach usually mandates that you lead off with a summary of your key findings, conclusions, and recommendations. This "up-front" arrangement is by far the most popular and convenient for business reports. It saves time and makes the rest of the report easier to follow. For those who have questions

5.            Disguised- Universal observation

Answer :

Section B (30 marks)

(Attempt any three)

1.            Discuss the factors to be taken into account before judges whether hypothesis is good or bad.

Answer : A hypothesis is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen in your study. For example, a study designed to look at the relationship between sleep deprivation and test performance might have a hypothesis that states, "This study is designed to assess the hypothesis that sleep deprived people will perform worse on a test than individuals who are not sleep deprived."

Unless you are creating a study that is exploratory in nature, your hypothesis should always explain what you expect to happen during the course of your experiment or research.

2.            Multivariate analysis is a collection of methods for analyzing data in which a number of observations are available for each output.

Answer :

3.            Explain the various methods to check the validity of scale used for measurement.

Answer : Construct Validity

The validity of a measurement method is the extent to which it measures what it is supposed to measure. For example, does an intelligence test really measure intelligence? Does a self-esteem scale really measure self-esteem? Does whether or not someone throws his soda can into a recycling bin indicate his level of environmental consciousness? This overall validity of a measurement method is sometimes referred to as its construct validity.

Evaluating Validity

There are some extremely important points to remember about the way that psychologists evaluate the validity of a measurement method. First

4.            What are the contents of a research proposal?

Answer : CONTENTS OF A RESEARCH REPORT

The information in the first part of this section, Journal Articles, Books, Chapters in Books, Peer Reviewed Published Conference Proceedings, Non-peer Reviewed Published Conference Proceedings is filtered and extracted to formulate the Preliminary Publication Count for the Department of Education. This is a crucial step in the subsidy calculation process and it is of the utmost importance that this information must be as comprehensive accurate as possible. All research publications, which appeared in 2004, must be included, even if they are "in press". There will be an opportunity early in February to

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MB0048 - OPERATIONS RESEARCH

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ASSIGNMENT

DRIVE FALL	2013
PROGRAM	MBADS / MBAN2 / MBAHCSN3 / PGDBAN2 / MBAFLEX
SEMESTER	II
SUBJECT CODE & NAME	MB0048 OPERATIONS RESEARCH
BK ID	B1631
CREDITS	4
MARKS	60

Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.

1. Discuss the methodology of Operations Research. Explain in brief the phases of Operations Research.

Answer : Meaning of Operations Research

 Operations research (OR) is an analytical method of problem-solving and decision-making that is useful in the management of organizations. In operations research, problems are broken down into basic components and then solved in defined steps by mathematical analysis.

Methodology of Operations Research :

1. Operational Research Techniques. Some methodological aspects of operational research, and some of the main OR techniques, including: Critical Path Analysis, Production, Scheduling, Markov Chains, Queueing Theory, Replacement, Simulation, Stock Control, Dynamic Programming, Decision Theory, Theory of Games. OR202.

2.  Mathematical Programming. Linear programming: from the most basic introduction to sufficient conditions for optimality; duality; sensitivity of the solution; discovery of the solution to small problems by graphical methods, and proof of optimality by testing the sufficient conditions; solution to larger problems by using a computer package. The transportation programme: properties of solution, connection with graph theory, an

2. a. Explain the graphical method of solving Linear Programming Problem.

Answer :

1.       Initially we draw the coordinate system correlating to an axis the variable x, and the other axis to variable y, as can see in the figure.

2.       We mark, in these axis, a numerical scale appropriate to the values it can take the variables according to the constraints of the problem. To do this work, for each constraint we must to void all variables except the related to a certain axis, so we establishing the right value for such axis. This process must be done for every axis.

3.       Following, we represent all constraints. We take the first one and we draw the line that is obtained by considering the constraint as an equality. In the figure, this is represented with the A-B edge, and the region that

b. A firm produces three types of products viz., A, B and C, which are processed on three different machines viz., M1, M2 and M3. The time required to process on unit of each of the products and the daily capacities of machines available per day are given in the following table. The profit earned by selling one unit of type A, B and C is Rs.10, Rs.15 and Rs.20 respectively. It is assumed that what all is produced is consumed in the market. Formulate this as Linear Programming Problem to maximize the profit.

Machines	Time per unit (minutes)			Machine capacity available (min.)
	Product A	Product B	Product C
M1	5	3	2	400
M2	4	-	3	500
M3	5	2	1	300

Answer :

3.Explain the steps involved in finding Initial Basic Feasible solution by the following methods:

a. North West Corner Rule method

Answer : North West Corner Rule:

Step 1: The first assignment is made in the cell occupying the upper left hand (North West) corner of the transportation table. The maximum feasible amount is allocated there, that is X11 = min (a1, b1).

So that either the capacity of origin O1 is used up or the requirement at destination D1 is satisfied or both. This value of X11 is entered in the upper left hand corner (Small Square) of cell (1, 1) in the transportation table.

Step 2: If b1 > a1 the capacity of origin O, is exhausted but the requirement at destination D1 is still not satisfied, so that at least one more other variable in the first column will have to take on a positive value. Move down vertically to the second row and make the second allocation of magnitude X21 = min (a2, b1 – x21) in the cell

b. Vogel’s approximation method

Answer : Vogel’s approximation method:

Steps of the Vogel’s Approximation Method to get the initial solution

1) Consider each row of the cost matrix individually and find the difference between two least cost cells in it. Then repeat this for each column. Identify the row or column with the largest difference (select any one in case of a tie).

2) Now consider the cell with minimum cost in that column (or row) and assign the maximal possible units to that cell.

3) Delete the row/column, if it is satisfied.

4) Again start with step 1 and calculate the differences, proceed in the same manner as stated in earlier paragraph and continue until all units have been assigned.

4. Explain Monte Carlo Simulation method. What are the advantages and limitations of Simulation?

Answer : Monte Carlo simulation is a computerized mathematical technique that allows people to account for variability in their process to enhance quantitative analysis and decision making. The technique is used by professionals in such widely disparate fields as finance, project management, energy, manufacturing, engineering, research and development, insurance, oil & gas, transportation, and the environment.

The expression "Monte Carlo method" is actually very general. Monte Carlo (MC) methods are stochastic techniques--meaning they are based on the use of random numbers and probability statistics to investigate problems. You can find MC methods used in everything from economics to nuclear physics to regulating the flow of traffic. Of course the way they are applied varies widely from field to field, and there are dozens of subsets of MC even within chemistry. But, strictly speaking, to call something a "Monte Carlo" experiment, all you need to do is use random numbers to examine some problem.

5. Explain the Characteristics and Constituents of a Queuing System.

Answer : Meaning of Queuing Theory:

In general, a queueing system involves customers who enter the system, wait in line (a queue), are served, and leave the system. While many familiar queueing situations involve only people as customers and servers, there are also many applications in which one or both of these entities is inanimate (e.g., an ATM could be the server’ parts on an assembly line could be the ‘customers’). Nevertheless, the terms customer and server are still used. The key features of queueing systems can be classified as characteristics of arrivals, service discipline, and characteristics of service.

Characteristics of a Queuing System

Two important issues relevant to a queue involve the timing and types of arrivals. Usually, the timing of arrivals is described by specifying the average rate of arrivals per unit of time (a), or the average interarrival time (1/a).

There are at least two issues related to the types of arrivals. First, the arrivals may occur one at a time or in batches (such as a carload, for example). Second, the arrivals might well be treated as essentially all the same, or they may

6.a. What do you mean by dominance? State the dominance rules for rows and columns.

Answer : Dominance in ethology is an "individual's preferential access to resources over another".[1] Dominance in the context of biology and anthropology is the state of having high social status relative to one or more other individuals, who react submissively to dominant individuals. This enables the dominant individual to obtain access to resources such as food or potential mates at the expense of the submissive individual, without active aggression. The absence or reduction of aggression means unnecessary energy expenditure and the risk of injury are reduced for both. The opposite of dominance is submissiveness.

Dominance may be a purely dyadic relationship, i.e. individual A is dominant over individual B, but this has no implications for whether either of these is dominant over a third individual C. Alternatively, dominance may be

b. What are the differences between PERT and CPM?

Answer : CPM vs. PERT

Project management is an important part of every business enterprise. Whenever a new product or service is launched; when embarking on a marketing campaign; or when organizing any new projects; project management is needed to make everything organized and successful.

As all projects consume resources such as materials, time, people, and money; starting one would entail an effective project management team and the right techniques to accomplish them, especially those projects that are very complex ones.

A complex project would normally encounter several delays and may surpass the budget allocated for it making a project very costly and which may lead to losses. While many techniques fail in solving these problems, there are two

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MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

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MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

Total marks 50

Instructions : Answer any 5 questions. Each question carries 10 Marks.

1. “The major challenge Management faces today is living in a world of turbulence and uncertainty where new competitions arrive daily and competitive conditions change." Explain with an example of any one product or services in the market. Validate your answer with research findings/statistical data. What measures can be taken to meet these challenges?

Answer : To prosper & grow in this twenty first century the managers & organization functions should change according to the new changes in political, social, economical & technological scenarios. The situation dictates two rules:

1. Everything happens faster,

2. Anything that can be done, will be done, if not by you, then by someone else, somewhere. Thus organizations who have not prepared themselves are disappearing through mergers, acquisitions, or bankruptcy. Those that have changed their management methods are benefiting with increased profits, delighted employees & customers.

 Inshort , this is a situation which can be tackled by strategic management .

What is Strategic Planning?

2. Taking in view the wide skill differential among the people working in healthcare institutions how will you apply OBconcepts to bring about proper management & organization in these institutions? Explain with relevant examples.

Answer : Introduction

Organizational behaviour management (OBM) focuses on what people do, analyzes why they do it, and then applies an evidence-based intervention strategy to improve what people do. The relevance of OBM to improving health care is obvious. While poorly designed systems contribute to most medical errors, OBM provides a practical approach for addressing a critical component of every imperfect health care system—behaviour. Behaviour is influenced by the system in which it occurs, yet it can be treated as a unique contributor to many medical errors, and certain changes in behaviour can prevent medical error. This paper

3. Explain in detail Managerial Grid.

Answer : A popular framework for thinking about a leader’s "task vs. person" orientation, called the Managerial Grid, was developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton in the early 1960s. It plots the degree of task-centeredness versus person-centeredness and identifies five combinations as distinct leadership styles. Program directors and managers can refer to this resource when assessing their leadership style.

The Managerial Grid Model (1964) is a behavioural leadership model developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton. This model identifies five different leadership styles based on the concern for people and the concern for production. The question is, how much attention do they pay to one or the other? This is a model defined by Blake and Mouton in the early 1960s. The Blake and Mouton Managerial Grid uses two axis:

1.       "Concern for people" is plotted using the vertical axis.

2.       "Concern for task" is along the horizontal axis.

4. For motivating the office staff in a healthcare institution which theory of Motivation will you apply and why? Explain the theory and its application.

Answer : Policy on human resources for health should support health policy objectives and be a means for achieving policy goals. The implication of such a focus is that health systems development should start by identifying the tasks that must be carried out and the skills needed to perform them. Meeting policy goals depends on being able to recruit, train, and retain staff with the necessary bundles of skills. Traditionally, skills are defined by membership of a profession, especially medicine, nursing, midwifery, and the allied health professions. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), often from necessity, have widened the range of health care workers to meet the service needs, with some people trained in extremely basic skills and others receiving enhanced training, such as nurses trained in emergency obstetrics. What is meant by a doctor or nurse also varies.

Studies on developing services to meet

5. What are the indicators which tell you about the HRD climate in healthcare Centre?

6. Write short notes on any two

a. Difference between Management & Leadership.

Answer :

b. Methods of Patient Assignment.

Answer :

c. Objectives & Quality of Patient Care.

Answer :

d. Job enrichment and its benefits for Hospitals.

Answer :

7. Describe the elements of HRD systems.

Answer : In 1970 Len Nadler published his now-classic book Developing Human Resources, in which he coined the term "human resource development" (HRD). The term HRD provided a conceptual umbrella under which the field began to unify, using the three-fold notion of training, education, and development. HRD provided purpose and direction for the continued growth of the field: organized learning to provide the possibility of performance change. It further idententified a core discipline from which a field of study could develop: adult learning in the workplace. McLagans HRD studies in 1983 and 1989 reflected a shift taking place in HRD work. In 1983 the assumptions in the competency models focused on change in technology. In 1987 Patricia McLagan proposed the following narrative definition of. HRD:

HRD is the integrated use of training and development, career development, and organization development to improve individual

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