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MTM-11: TOURISM
PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
(Tutor Marked
Assignment)
Course Code: MTM-11
Total Marks: 100
Assignment Code: MTM-11/TMA/2013
Note: This TMA consists of two
parts.
Part I consists of two questions out of which you have to attempt any
one. The question carries 25 marks and should be answered in about 700 words.
Part II consists of ten questions. Attempt any five in about 500 words
each. Each question carries 15 marks.
Send your TMA to the Coordinator of your Study Centre.
PART – I
1) What do you
understand by planning? Discuss the various steps in planning process. 25
OR
2) Discuss the planning
process. What are the components of tourism development?
25
Answer :
The various stages in the process of planning are as follows:
1. Goal setting:
Plans
are the means to achieve certain ends or objectives. Therefore, establishment
of organizational or overall objectives is the first step in planning. Setting
objectives is the most crucial part of planning. The organizational objectives
should be set in key areas of operations.
They
should be verifiable i.e., they should as far as possible be specified in clear
and measurable terms. The objectives are set in the light of the opportunities
perceived by managers. Establishment of goals is influenced by the values and
beliefs of executives, mission of the organization, organizational resources,
etc.
Objectives
provide the guidelines (what to do) for the preparation of strategic and
procedural plans. One cannot make plans unless one knows what is to be accomplished.
Objectives constitute the mission of an organisation. They set the pattern of
PART – II
1) What do you
understand by National level tourism planning? 15
Answer
: Objectives
Formulate an integrated sustainable tourism management plan
for Central Philippines, identifying viable critical environmental,
infrastructure and community-based projects to link and integrate the tourism
development of the area.
In
particular the Tourism Management Plan will:
1.
Provide a comprehensive planning framework for the development of
tourism so that it can play a key role in the development of the regional
economy;
2.
Elaborate a vision of the future direction and content of tourism
development, which can help to focus and guide the actions of the various
stakeholders towards a shared goal;
3.
Indentify areas for tourism development, related tourism facilities and
supporting infrastructure;
4.
Specify the major programs, roles and responsibilities of key players,
institutional arrangements and resource requirements for achieving the vision.
2) Discuss the need for
surveying the institutional elements. 15
Answer :
3) Discuss the elements of plan
implementation. 15
Answer : Implementation
involves executing the process improvements that have been developed throughout
the life of the project. There are key elements of any implementation that
primarily include planning: planning the work, planning the tasks and subtasks,
planning the time, and planning the people and resources. To these planning
elements must be added an understanding step; that is, understanding the “why”
and understanding whether or not the project worked.
A
thorough implementation plan usually
4) What do you
understand by strategic planning? 15
Answer : Strategic planning is an organization's
process of defining its strategy,
or direction, and making decisions on
allocating its resources to pursue this strategy. In order to determine the
future direction of the organization, it is necessary to understand its current
position and the possible avenues through which it can pursue particular
courses of action. Generally, strategic planning deals with at least one of
three key questions:[1]
1.
"What do we do?"
2.
"For whom do we do it?"
3.
"How do we excel?"
Many organizations
view strategic planning as a process for determining where an organization is
going over the next year or—more typically
5) Explain the role of
WTO in the international tourism industry. 15
Answer : The
World Tourism Organization is the leading international organization in the
field of travel and tourism. It serves as a global forum for tourism policy
issues and a practical source of tourism know-how and statistics.
Its membership includes 139 countries, seven
territories and some 350 Affiliate Members representing regional and local
promotion boards, tourism trade associations, educational institutions and
private sector companies,
6) What are the
economic considerations you will keep in mind while planning for tourism15
7) Write an essay on
the contribution of public and private sector in national level tourism planning
in India. 15
8) How are tourism regions established ? Discuss the linkages between regional and
national level tourism planning.
15
9) What are the
economic benefits of tourism? How can good planning enhance these benefits? 15
Answer : Economic:
Direct spending by tourists and the associated
economic multiplier effect
Tourism generates different types
of income for a community: business income, wage earnings, share earnings,
rates and levies. Direct spending by visitors has a positive impact on business
profitability and employment growth. The money that is then circulated and
re-spent in the economy is often referred to as indirect spending or the
multiplier effect. Because much of a region’s tourism patronage comes from
metropolitan centres, it is an effective way to redistribute wealth from urban
to rural areas.
A varied economic base
The expectations and needs of
visitors can often lead to the creation of new businesses and commercial
activities. This builds a more diverse economic base and reduces reliance on
one or two traditional industries, which is often the case in rural
communities.
Employment
Tourism is a labour intensive
industry and operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week. There are many
opportunities for employment for young people and for people interested in part
time or casual work. While some of the employment is skilled, there are also
opportunities for people less skilled and who lack formal qualifications.
New business
A thriving tourism industry
supports growth in other sectors, such as transport, construction, agriculture
and retailin
10) Discuss the different levels of
Tourism Planning.
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