COMPARATIVE HEALTH CARE

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COMPARATIVE HEALTH CARE

Total Marks 100

Instructions : Answer any 5 questions. Each question carries 20 Marks.

1. Describe in detail healthcare delivery system in India.

Answer : In India Healthcare Delivery system is represented by five major sectors or agencies that differ from each other by the health technology applied and by the source of funds for operation.

• Public sector

• Primary Healthcare

• Primary health centers

• Sub-centers

• Hospital/health centers

• Community health centers

• Rural Hospitals

• District hospitals/health centers

• Specialist hospitals

• Teaching hospitals

• Health Insurance Scheme

2. What initiatives can be taken to achieve “Healthcare for all by 2020” ?Describe in detail.

Answer :

3. Describe the National Health Policy of India. What goals were to be achieved?

Answer : The main objective of the revised National Health Policy, 2002 is to achieve an acceptable standard of good health among the general population of the country and has set goals to be achieved by the year 2015. The major policy prescriptions were as follows:

• Increase public expenditure from 0.9 percent to 2 percent by 2010.

• Increase allocation of public health investment in the order of 55 percent for the primary health sector; 35 percent and 10 percent to secondary and tertiary sectors respectively.

• Gradual convergence of all health programmes, except the ones (such as TB, Malaria, HIV/AIDS, RCH), which need to be continued till moderate

4. Write notes on any two.

a. WHO

Answer : The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is concerned with international public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, with its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations.

The constitution of the World Health Organization had been signed by all 61 countries of the United Nations by 22 July 1946, with the first meeting of the World Health Assembly finishing on 24 July 1948. It incorporated the Office International d'Hygiène Publique and the League of Nations Health Organization. Since its creation, it has

b. UNICEF

Answer : The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF; /ˈjuːnɨsɛf/ ew-ni-sef) is a United Nations Programme headquartered in New York City, that provides long-term humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries. It is one of the members of the United Nations Development Group and its Executive Committee.

UNICEF was created by the United Nations General Assembly on December 11, 1946, to provide emergency food and healthcare to children in countries that had been devastated by World War II. In 1953, UNICEF became a permanent part of the United Nations System and its name was shortened from the original United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund but it has continued to be known by the popular acronym based on this previous title.

UNICEF relies on contributions from

c. Health problems of Developing Nations.

Answer : The health crisis in developing countries

There has been worldwide concern over the high prices of drugs and medicines. More than anything else, it is the current health crisis in the developing countries, which has aroused public interest in this issue.

ABOUT 14 million people die each year from infectious diseases, many of which are preventable or treatable, such as acute respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, malaria and tuberculosis. Up to 45% of deaths in Africa and South-East Asia are thought to be due to an infectious disease.1 The death toll is unacceptably high in

5. Write notes on any two

a. National Vector Borne Diseases Control Programme

b. National AIDS control programme

c. National Rural Health Mission.

6. Write about National Health programs for Non-communicable diseases.

Answer : THE Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare recently launched a national programme on prevention and control of non-communicable diseases--diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and stroke--in the country.

Lifestyle-related diseases accounted for 53 per cent of all deaths in India in 2005. India had agreed to WHO's global strategy on diet, physical activity and health in 2004, but had failed to implement any major programme. The only other programme for non-communicable disease in the country is against cancer, which has existed for over 50 years.

The new pilot programme was launched in Kerala, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh. It will be implemented in one district in each state through a non-communicable disease cell. The Planning Commission has given the states Rs 49.16 lakh each to begin the programme.

7. Describe America healthcare systems: Structure and Functions

Answer : Health care in the United States is provided by many distinct organizations. Health care facilities are largely owned and operated by private sector businesses. 62% of the hospitals are non-profit, 20% are government owned, 18% are for-profit.

60–65% of healthcare provision and spending comes from programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, TRICARE, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and the Veterans Health Administration. Most of the population under 67 is insured by their or a family member's employer, some buy health insurance on their own, and the remainder are uninsured. Health insurance for public sector employees is primarily provided by the

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